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Law::
domestic court; municipal court (in contradistinction to foreign courts) : In the judicial organization of several states, courts are established under this name with territorial authority confined to the city of community in which they are established. Such courts usually have a criminal jurisdiction corresponding to that of a police court, and, in some cases, possess civil jurisdiction in small causes. In certain cities, small claims or traffic courts are under the jurisdiction of the municipal court. N.B. In legal terminology in English municipal is used to mean: of or relating to the internal affairs of a major political unit (as a nation), and ‘municipal courts’ are used in contradistinction to ‘foreign courts’. In this sense, English does not mean ‘restricted to one (urban) locality.’ Persian-English dictionaries published in Iran, however, have lamentably overlooked the more prevalent meaning of municipal and erroneously introduced شهرداري and مربوط به شهرداري as the only Persian equivalent for municipal and even gone so far as to propose دادگاه شهرداري for municipal court, whereas in Iran, no municipal department is authorized to set up any court or tribunal of whatsoever description, though they have special commissions, like ‘Discrepancy Settlement Commission of Article 100’ (that is كميسيون مادة 100) with authority to settle discrepancies between builders and the municipal department in their own locality. In English, ‘municipal law’ is not ‘the laws enacted by a municipal department’ but it is used to denote ‘the positive law of a particular state as opposed to the law of nations or international law.
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